Polystyrene Particles with Carboxyl Groups (50 nm) – Catalog #B2013413

Polystyrene Particles with Carboxyl Groups (50 nm) (Catalog #B2013413) are uniform 50 nm polystyrene nanoparticles bearing surface carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, supplied as a 2 mL 1% aqueous suspension. The carboxyl groups allow easy covalent conjugation to amine-containing molecules (antibodies, proteins, peptides, drugs, etc.) using standard EDC/NHS chemistry. These 50 nm carboxylated beads are ideal for creating targeted nanoconjugates, fluorescent probes, drug-delivery vehicles, biosensors, and advanced immunoassay development.

Scientific Overview

These 50 nm carboxyl-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles provide reactive carboxylic acid groups for covalent attachment of amine-containing ligands via carbodiimide chemistry. The small nano-scale size combined with high surface area makes them excellent platforms for drug delivery, targeted imaging, biosensing, and cellular uptake studies. They are widely used in nanomedicine, immunoassay development, and fundamental nanoparticle–biological interaction research.

Key applications include:

• Covalent conjugation of antibodies, proteins, peptides, or drugs
• Targeted nanoparticle drug delivery systems
• Biosensors and diagnostic assay development
• Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking studies
• Fluorescent labeling and imaging probes (after secondary conjugation)

Usage & Handling Guidance

Store at 2–8°C. Do not freeze. Gently vortex or pipette up and down before use. For conjugation, wash beads if necessary and follow standard EDC/NHS protocols. After coupling, quench remaining active groups with glycine or ethanolamine.

• Typical working concentration: 0.1–1% (w/v) for conjugation reactions
• Conjugation chemistry: EDC/NHS coupling to primary amines
• Stability: Stable for months when stored refrigerated; protect from contamination

What You Get

• 2 mL of 50 nm Polystyrene Particles with Carboxyl Groups (1% suspension)
• Reactive surface carboxyl groups for covalent bioconjugation
• Uniform nano-scale particles with high surface area
• Ready-to-use aqueous suspension
• For research use only (RUO)

Why Researchers Choose It

• Reactive carboxyl surface for easy EDC/NHS bioconjugation
• 50 nm size ideal for nanomedicine and cellular uptake studies
• Stable polystyrene core with low non-specific binding
• Versatile platform for custom targeted nanoparticles and biosensors
• Convenient suspension format for immediate experimental use

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• What chemistry is used for conjugation?
  Standard EDC/NHS coupling to primary amines on proteins, antibodies, or peptides.
• Can these particles be used in live cells?
  Yes. They are suitable for cellular uptake, trafficking, and nanomedicine research.
• How should I store the suspension?
  Store at 2–8°C. Do not freeze. Mix gently before use.
• Are the particles fluorescent?
  No. These are plain carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles. Fluorescent versions are available separately.
• What is the concentration?
  1% (w/v) suspension. Dilute according to your conjugation protocol.

---

References

• Riley KR, Liu S, Yu G, Libby K, Cubicciotti R, Colyer CL. Using capillary electrophoresis to characterize polymeric particles. J Chromatogr A. 2016 Sep 9;1463:169-75.
• Schiller JL, Fogle MM, Bussey O, Kissner WJ, Hill DB, Lai SK. Antibody-mediated trapping in biological hydrogels is governed by sugar-sugar hydrogen bonds. Acta Biomater. 2020 Apr 15;107:91-101.
• Dong Y, Gao M, Song Z, Qiu W. As(III) adsorption onto different-sized polystyrene microplastic particles and its mechanism. Chemosphere. 2020 Jan;239:124792.
• Fukui S, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. pH-Dependent foam formation using amphoteric colloidal polymer particles. Polymers (Basel). 2020 Feb 27;12(3):511.
• Mangeney C, Fertani M, Bousalem S, Zhicai M, Ammar S, Herbst F, Beaunier P, Elaissari A, Chehimi MM. Magnetic Fe2O3-polystyrene/PPy core/shell particles: bioreactivity and self-assembly. Langmuir. 2007 Oct 23;23(22):10940-9.
• Nicolini AM, Toth TD, Yoon JY. Tuneable nanoparticle-nanofiber composite substrate for improved cellular adhesion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2016 Sep 1;145:830-838.
• Romero-Cano MS, Martín-Rodríguez A, de las Nieves FJ. Adsorption and desorption of Triton X-100 in polystyrene particles with different functionality. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2000 Jul 15;227(2):322-328.
• Musyanovych A, Rossmanith R, Tontsch C, Landfester K. Effect of hydrophilic comonomer and surfactant type on the colloidal stability and size distribution of carboxyl- and amino-functionalized polystyrene particles prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. Langmuir. 2007 May 8;23(10):5367-76.
• Lee YK, Hur J. Adsorption of microplastic-derived organic matter onto minerals. Water Res. 2020 Dec 15;187:116426.
• Meides N, Menzel T, Poetzschner B, Löder MGJ, Mansfeld U, Strohriegl P, Altstaedt V, Senker J. Reconstructing the environmental degradation of polystyrene by accelerated weathering. Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Jun 15;55(12):7930-7938.