Crotonoyl Coenzyme A Trilithium Salt – Research Use Only

Crotonoyl Coenzyme A Trilithium Salt (trans-2-Butenoyl coenzyme A trilithium salt) is a high-purity biotechnology-grade reagent supplied as a powder. With a molecular weight of 853.41 g/mol, this activated crotonyl thioester serves as a key metabolic intermediate and substrate in studies of histone lysine crotonylation (Kcr), acyl-CoA metabolism, and chromatin regulation. It is widely used by researchers to investigate epigenetic modifications that influence gene expression, cell differentiation, DNA repair, and metabolic reprogramming in various biological contexts.

Scientific Overview

Crotonoyl-CoA (crotonyl coenzyme A) is a central metabolic intermediate generated during fatty acid β-oxidation, lysine catabolism, and short-chain fatty acid metabolism. It serves as the direct donor substrate for lysine crotonylation (Kcr), a histone post-translational modification that regulates gene transcription more potently than acetylation in certain contexts. Intracellular crotonyl-CoA levels influence p300-mediated histone crotonylation, chromatin accessibility, and the expression of genes involved in differentiation, spermatogenesis, DNA repair, and immune responses.

This Crotonoyl Coenzyme A Trilithium Salt is suitable for:

• In vitro reconstitution of histone crotonylation reactions with writers such as p300
• Studying the regulation of chromatin dynamics and epigenetic control of gene expression
• Investigating metabolic reprogramming in cancer, stem cell differentiation, and neuropathic pain models
• Enzyme kinetic assays involving crotonyl-CoA hydratases, reductases, or other acyl-CoA utilizing enzymes
• Exploring non-histone protein crotonylation and its roles in cellular signaling

Usage & Handling Guidance

Store the powder at -20 °C in a desiccated environment. Prepare fresh working solutions in ultrapure water or appropriate buffer immediately before use. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Crotonyl-CoA is labile; solutions should be kept on ice and used promptly.

• Recommended applications: In vitro histone crotonylation assays, metabolic pathway studies, chromatin immunoprecipitation support, and enzyme substrate experiments
• Working concentration: Optimize empirically (typically low micromolar range for in vitro assays)
• Solubility: Soluble in water or aqueous buffers; prepare stock solutions as needed
• Handling: Protect from moisture and prolonged exposure to room temperature or alkaline conditions

What You Get

• 1 mg Crotonoyl Coenzyme A Trilithium Salt as a high-purity powder
• Biotechnology-grade reagent with molecular weight 853.41 g/mol
• Ready for reconstitution in biochemical and epigenetic assays
• Batch-specific documentation available upon request
• For research use only (RUO)

Why Researchers Choose It

• Direct substrate for histone and protein crotonylation studies
• Essential tool for linking cellular metabolism to epigenetic regulation
• High-purity powder suitable for sensitive in vitro enzymatic and chromatin assays
• Supports research in cancer biology, stem cell differentiation, spermatogenesis, and neurobiology
• Manufactured under strict biotechnology-grade quality standards

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References

• Zou Y, Bai XH, Kong LC, Xu FF, Ding TY, Zhang PF, Dong FL, Ling YJ, Jiang BC. Involvement of Histone Lysine Crotonylation in the Regulation of Nerve-Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 14;13:885685.
• Yuan H, Wu X, Wu Q, Chatoff A, Megill E, Gao J, Huang T, Duan T, Yang K, Jin C, Yuan F, Wang S, Zhao L, Zinn PO, Abdullah KG, Zhao Y, Snyder NW, Rich JN. Lysine catabolism reprograms tumour immunity through histone crotonylation Nature. 2023 May;617(7962):818-826.
• Liu S, Yu H, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Bu C, Yuan S, Chen Z, Xie G, Li W, Xu B, Yang J, He L, Jin T, Xiong Y, Sun L, Liu X, Han C, Cheng Z, Liang J, Shang Y. Chromodomain Protein CDYL Acts as a Crotonyl-CoA Hydratase to Regulate Histone Crotonylation and Spermatogenesis Mol Cell. 2017 Sep 7;67(5):853-866.e5.
• Wan J, Liu H, Chu J, Zhang H. Functions and mechanisms of lysine crotonylation J Cell Mol Med. 2019 Nov;23(11):7163-7169.
• Fang Y, Xu X, Ding J, Yang L, Doan MT, Karmaus PWF, Snyder NW, Zhao Y, Li JL, Li X. Histone crotonylation promotes mesoendodermal commitment of human embryonic stem cells Cell Stem Cell. 2021 Apr 1;28(4):748-763.e7.
• Trefely S, Lovell CD, Snyder NW, Wellen KE. Compartmentalised acyl-CoA metabolism and roles in chromatin regulation Mol Metab. 2020 Aug;38:100941.
• Li C, Florova G, Akopiants K, Reynolds KA. Crotonyl-coenzyme A reductase provides methylmalonyl-CoA precursors for monensin biosynthesis by Streptomyces cinnamonensis in an oil-based extended fermentation Microbiology (Reading). 2004 Oct;150(Pt 10):3463-72.
• Yu H, Bu C, Liu Y, Gong T, Liu X, Liu S, Peng X, Zhang W, Peng Y, Yang J, He L, Zhang Y, Yi X, Yang X, Sun L, Shang Y, Cheng Z, Liang J. Global crotonylome reveals CDYL-regulated RPA1 crotonylation in homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair Sci Adv. 2020 Mar 13;6(11):eaay4697.
• Sabari BR, Tang Z, Huang H, Yong-Gonzalez V, Molina H, Kong HE, Dai L, Shimada M, Cross JR, Zhao Y, Roeder RG, Allis CD. Intracellular crotonyl-CoA stimulates transcription through p300-catalyzed histone crotonylation Mol Cell. 2015 Apr 16;58(2):203-15.