{"product_id":"melittin-honey-bee-apis-mellifera-1-mg","title":"Melittin, Honey Bee (Apis mellifera), 1 mg","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"max-width:1400px; margin:0 auto; padding:40px 20px; font-family:'Open Sans',sans-serif; font-weight:300; background:#fff; color:#333; font-size:0.95rem; box-sizing:border-box;\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv style=\"display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"margin:0; font-weight:600;\"\u003eMelittin, Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) – Catalog #B2026680\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMelittin (Catalog #B2026680) is the major peptide component of honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom, comprising approximately 40–50% of the venom dry mass. It is a 26-amino-acid α-helical peptide (molecular weight 2847.5 Da) that adopts a highly hydrophobic structure at lipid interfaces. Melittin is one of the best-characterized antimicrobial peptides and is widely used to study the mechanisms by which amphipathic peptides permeabilize biological membranes. Unlike many ion-channel-forming peptides that require a membrane potential, melittin forms voltage-independent pores in lipid bilayers and has potent lytic activity at low concentrations. Supplied as 1 mg of lyophilized powder.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow-x:auto; max-width:100%; margin-bottom:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%; max-width:640px; border-collapse:collapse;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalog number:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eB2026680\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLot number:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eBatch dependent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpiration Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eBatch dependent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAmount:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003e1 mg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eHoney bee (Apis mellifera) venom\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of amino acids:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003e26\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003e2847.5 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplied as:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eLyophilized powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eMembrane biophysics, antimicrobial peptide research, ion-channel studies, cell permeabilization, peptide-lipid interaction studies, toxicology, biochemical research\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003e–20°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKeywords:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eMelittin, bee venom peptide, antimicrobial peptide, ion channel, pore-forming peptide, cytolytic peptide, Apis mellifera venom, membrane disruptant\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrade:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eBiotechnology grade. All products are highly pure. All solutions are made with Type I ultrapure water (resistivity \u0026gt;18 MΩ-cm) and are filtered through 0.22 um.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eScientific Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMelittin is an amphipathic peptide that combines hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids in a manner that allows it to insert into and disrupt lipid membranes. At the peptide concentration, melittin forms α-helical tetramers that oligomerize on the membrane surface and create large, non-selective ion channels or pores, leading to the collapse of the membrane potential and cell lysis. Unlike receptor-mediated ion channels, melittin's pore formation is voltage-independent, making it a powerful tool for studying the biophysics of membrane damage and the molecular basis of antimicrobial action. The peptide's hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity, and membrane-lytic capacity have made it a classic research compound in membrane biology, toxicology, and the study of anti-pathogenic peptide design.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKey applications include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudy of peptide-lipid interactions and membrane disruption mechanisms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormation and characterization of ion channels in planar lipid bilayers (electrophysiology)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell lysis and permeabilization for cell biology and biochemistry applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntimicrobial and antitumor activity screening\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStructure-function analysis of α-helical peptides and their membrane insertion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment of antimicrobial peptide analogs and derivatives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eUsage \u0026amp; Handling Guidance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReconstitute the lyophilized peptide in ultrapure water or your chosen buffer at the desired concentration. Melittin is soluble in aqueous and most physiological buffers. Start at low concentrations (e.g., 1–10 μM) and titrate as needed for your assay, since melittin is highly potent at lysis and cell permeabilization. Store reconstituted solutions at 2–8°C for immediate use, or at –20°C for longer storage; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTypical working range:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1–100 μM, depending on the cell type, membrane composition, and duration of exposure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane lysis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Concentrations of 5–25 μM often cause rapid hemolysis of red blood cells and cell lysis within minutes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIon channel formation (planar lipid bilayers):\u003c\/strong\u003e Use lower concentrations (0.1–1 μM) for single-channel recording.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSolubility:\u003c\/strong\u003e Freely soluble in water and physiological buffers; insoluble in organic solvents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStability:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized peptide is stable for years at –20°C; avoid light and moisture.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eWhat You Get\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1 mg of lyophilized melittin from Apis mellifera venom\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-purity antimicrobial peptide (biotechnology grade)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMolecular weight: 2847.5 Da\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReady to reconstitute for membrane and cell biology research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor research use only (RUO)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eWhy Researchers Choose It\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWell-characterized and extensively studied antimicrobial peptide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePotent membrane-disrupting activity at low concentrations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVoltage-independent pore formation, unlike many ion channels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eα-helical structure; classic model for amphipathic peptide research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuitable for biophysics, cell biology, and toxicology applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh purity and reliable batch-to-batch quality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eFrequently Asked Questions (FAQ)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow does melittin disrupt membranes?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMelittin forms α-helical oligomers that insert into lipid membranes, creating large pores and ion channels. Unlike voltage-gated channels, melittin's pores are voltage-independent and non-selective, allowing passage of small molecules and ions, and ultimately leading to membrane rupture and cell lysis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is a typical concentration for cell lysis?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRed blood cells (RBCs) typically lyse at 5–25 μM melittin within a few minutes. Start with a low concentration and titrate upward to find the optimal concentration for your cell type and experimental time frame.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCan I use melittin in living animal models?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis product is Research Use Only (RUO) and is designed for in vitro mechanistic and research applications only.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow should I prepare a stock solution?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDissolve the lyophilized peptide in ultrapure water or PBS at a desired concentration (e.g., 1 mM = 2.847 mg\/mL). Store at –20°C. Aliquot to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIs melittin soluble in organic solvents?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMelittin is poorly soluble in most organic solvents; use aqueous buffers. If you need to incorporate it into lipid systems, prepare it in a small volume of water or buffer and add it to pre-formed vesicles or bilayers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-top:20px; font-weight:bold; color:#c8102e;\"\u003eThis product is for Research Use Only (RUO). It is not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use in humans or animals.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eReferences\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:0; margin:0; list-style:none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; padding:8px 0; border-bottom:1px solid #eee;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"flex:1;\"\u003evan den Bogaart G, Guzmán JV, Mika JT, Poolman B. On the mechanism of pore formation by melittin. \u003cem\u003eJ Biol Chem.\u003c\/em\u003e 2008;283(49):33854-7.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M805171200\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"flex-shrink:0; margin-top:2px;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0896\/1579\/4474\/files\/Reference.png?v=1775409336\" alt=\"Reference\" style=\"height:28px; width:auto;\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; padding:8px 0; border-bottom:1px solid #eee;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"flex:1;\"\u003eSingh PK, Ghosh D, Tewari D, Mohite GM, Carvalho E, Jha NN, Jacob RS, Sahay S, Banerjee R, Bera AK, Maji SK. Cytotoxic helix-rich oligomer formation by melittin and pancreatic polypeptide. \u003cem\u003ePLoS One.\u003c\/em\u003e 2015;10(3):e0120346.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0120346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"flex-shrink:0; margin-top:2px;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0896\/1579\/4474\/files\/Reference.png?v=1775409336\" alt=\"Reference\" style=\"height:28px; width:auto;\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; padding:8px 0; border-bottom:1px solid #eee;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"flex:1;\"\u003eHuang HW. Free energies of molecular bound states in lipid bilayers: lethal concentrations of antimicrobial peptides. \u003cem\u003eBiophys J.\u003c\/em\u003e 2009;96(8):3263-72.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2009.01.030\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"flex-shrink:0; margin-top:2px;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0896\/1579\/4474\/files\/Reference.png?v=1775409336\" alt=\"Reference\" style=\"height:28px; width:auto;\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Molecular Depot","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52813633487146,"sku":"BTS-B2026680","price":705.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0896\/1579\/4474\/files\/B2026680.png?v=1790900050","url":"https:\/\/bluetigerscientific.com\/products\/melittin-honey-bee-apis-mellifera-1-mg","provider":"Blue Tiger Scientific","version":"1.0","type":"link"}