{"product_id":"low-density-glyoxal-4-agarose-4-cross-linked","title":"Low Density Glyoxal 4 Agarose (4% Cross-linked)","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"max-width:1400px; margin:0 auto; padding:40px 20px; font-family:'Open Sans',sans-serif; font-weight:300; background:#fff; color:#333; font-size:0.95rem; box-sizing:border-box;\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv style=\"display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"margin:0; font-weight:600;\"\u003eLow Density Glyoxal 4 Agarose (4% Cross-linked) – Catalog #B2025402\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow Density Glyoxal 4 Agarose (Catalog #B2025402) is a pre-activated affinity chromatography resin on a 4% cross-linked agarose backbone bearing aldehyde (glyoxal) functional groups at a deliberately low density. The glyoxal groups react directly with the primary amino groups of lysine residues in proteins and peptides, forming reversible Schiff bases that can be reduced with sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride to give stable secondary amine linkages. The low density of reactive groups minimizes steric hindrance and allows controllable, stoichiometric coupling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow-x:auto; max-width:100%; margin-bottom:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%; max-width:640px; border-collapse:collapse;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalog number:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eB2025402\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLot number:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eBatch dependent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpiration Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eBatch dependent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAmount:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003e25 mL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgarose composition:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003e4% cross-linked agarose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunctional group:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eGlyoxal (aldehyde, −CHO); low density\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCoupling mechanism:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eCovalent via Schiff base formation with lysine (reducible or stable)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplied as:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eResin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eEnzyme immobilization and activation, antibody coupling, ligand immobilization for affinity purification, immunoassay development, enzyme reactor columns\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003e2–8°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKeywords:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eGlyoxal agarose, low density glyoxal, glyoxyl activated agarose, pre-activated agarose, aldehyde agarose, covalent immobilization resin, enzyme coupling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrade:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eBiotechnology grade. All products are highly pure. All solutions are made with Type I ultrapure water (resistivity \u0026gt;18 MΩ-cm) and are filtered through 0.22 um.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eScientific Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlyoxal-activated agarose is widely used for covalent immobilization because glyoxal groups (aldehydes) react readily and specifically with the primary amino groups of lysine residues. The Schiff base formed between an aldehyde and a primary amine is initially reversible; however, reduction with sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride converts it to a stable secondary amine bond (C−N), creating a permanent, covalent linkage. This chemistry is gentler than some alternatives (e.g., N-hydroxysuccinimide esters) and allows high-density coupling without protein denaturation. The low density of glyoxal groups on this resin means fewer potential coupling sites per unit volume, reducing cross-linking and aggregation and enabling more controlled, monovalent coupling when desired.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKey applications include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovalent immobilization of enzymes for affinity chromatography or biocatalysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCoupling of antibodies or ligands for immunoaffinity purification\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelopment of enzyme reactors and continuous bioreactors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreparation of diagnostic and research assay matrices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtein stabilization through multipoint covalent attachment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eUsage \u0026amp; Handling Guidance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore the resin at 2–8°C in its original packaging. Before coupling, inspect the resin for color; excessive yellowing may indicate hydrolysis of glyoxal groups. Pre-activate by incubating with your target protein or ligand at room temperature or 4°C in an appropriate buffer (e.g., PBS, pH 7.0–8.0, or 0.1 M sodium carbonate pH 9.0). Coupling time is typically 2–4 hours or overnight. After coupling, reduce the Schiff base with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) or sodium cyanoborohydride (NaCNBH₃) for maximum stability, following safety precautions for these reagents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCoupling buffer:\u003c\/strong\u003e pH 7–9 is typical; higher pH (8.5–9.0) accelerates Schiff base formation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProtein concentration:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1–10 mg\/mL is standard; start with empirical optimization.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReduction:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use NaBH₄ in ethanol or NaCNBH₃ in pH 7 buffer, following the manufacturer's instructions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWashing:\u003c\/strong\u003e After coupling and reduction, wash thoroughly to remove unreacted protein and excess reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eWhat You Get\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e25 mL of low-density glyoxal agarose (4% cross-linked)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePre-activated resin ready for direct protein or ligand coupling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnough material for multiple immobilization experiments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor research use only (RUO)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eWhy Researchers Choose It\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecific, covalent coupling via lysine residues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow aldehyde density reduces protein aggregation and cross-linking\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMild, generally non-denaturing chemistry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStable secondary amine bonds after reduction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVersatile for enzymes, antibodies, and small ligands\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eFrequently Asked Questions (FAQ)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the difference between glyoxal and other activated agaroses?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGlyoxal (aldehyde) reacts specifically and reversibly with lysine, forming Schiff bases that are stabilized by reduction. This is gentler than some other chemistries (e.g., N-hydroxysuccinimide esters) and allows controlled coupling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDo I have to reduce the Schiff base?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor maximum stability, yes. The Schiff base is reversible; reduction with NaBH₄ or NaCNBH₃ converts it to a stable secondary amine. For transient applications, reduction may not be necessary.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow do I know if the glyoxal groups have reacted?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA color change from faint yellow to colorless or white indicates conversion of aldehydes to Schiff bases. After reduction, the resin should be pale\/white.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhat proteins can be coupled?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAny protein or peptide with accessible lysine residues can be coupled. Optimization may be needed for very small peptides or lysine-poor proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCan I get a COA or technical information?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRequest a quote or contact us and we will provide available lot documentation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-top:20px; font-weight:bold; color:#c8102e;\"\u003eThis product is for Research Use Only (RUO). It is not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use in humans or animals.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eReferences\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:0; margin:0; list-style:none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; padding:8px 0; border-bottom:1px solid #eee;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"flex:1;\"\u003eLópez-Gallego F, Montes T, Fuentes M, Alonso N, Grazu V, Betancor L, Guisán JM, Fernández-Lafuente R. Improved stabilization of chemically aminated enzymes via multipoint covalent attachment on glyoxyl supports. \u003cem\u003eJ Biotechnol.\u003c\/em\u003e 2005;116(1):1-10.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2004.09.015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"flex-shrink:0; margin-top:2px;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0896\/1579\/4474\/files\/Reference.png?v=1775409336\" alt=\"Reference\" style=\"height:28px; width:auto;\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; padding:8px 0; border-bottom:1px solid #eee;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"flex:1;\"\u003eKnödler M, Rühl C, Opdensteinen P, Buyel JF. Activated Cross-linked Agarose for the Rapid Development of Affinity Chromatography Resins - Antibody Capture as a Case Study. \u003cem\u003eJ Vis Exp.\u003c\/em\u003e 2019;(150).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/59933\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"flex-shrink:0; margin-top:2px;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0896\/1579\/4474\/files\/Reference.png?v=1775409336\" alt=\"Reference\" style=\"height:28px; width:auto;\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Molecular Depot","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52813630996778,"sku":"BTS-B2025402","price":1185.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0896\/1579\/4474\/files\/B2025402.png?v=1790899973","url":"https:\/\/bluetigerscientific.com\/products\/low-density-glyoxal-4-agarose-4-cross-linked","provider":"Blue Tiger Scientific","version":"1.0","type":"link"}