{"product_id":"carboxylated-polystyrene-latex-beads-0-05-0-1-um","title":"Carboxylated Polystyrene Latex Beads (0.05–0.1 µm)","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"max-width:1400px; margin:0 auto; padding:40px 20px; font-family:'Open Sans',sans-serif; font-weight:300; background:#fff; color:#333; font-size:0.95rem; box-sizing:border-box;\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv style=\"display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"margin:0; font-weight:600;\"\u003eCarboxylated Polystyrene Latex Beads (0.05–0.1 µm) – Catalog #B2025451\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarboxylated polystyrene latex beads (Catalog #B2025451) are supplied as 5 mL of a uniform suspension of nanoscale polymer spheres, 0.05 to 0.1 micrometers in diameter. Each particle carries carboxyl (–COOH) groups on its surface that are ionized at physiological pH, creating a stable negative charge. This carboxylation enables straightforward chemical coupling of proteins, peptides, antibodies, and other ligands via carbodiimide or other standard chemistries. The beads' small size and well-defined surface chemistry make them broadly useful in immunodiagnostics, protein corona studies, and cellular uptake research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow-x:auto; max-width:100%; margin-bottom:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%; max-width:640px; border-collapse:collapse;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalog number:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eB2025451\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLot number:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eBatch dependent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpiration Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eBatch dependent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAmount:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003e5 mL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize range:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003e0.05–0.1 µm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003ePolystyrene latex\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurface charge:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eNegative (carboxylated)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplied as:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eAqueous suspension\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eProtein binding and coating, immunoassay development, flow cytometry, protein corona studies, diagnostic reagent synthesis, cellular uptake and nanoparticle toxicity research\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003e2–8°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKeywords:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eCarboxylated polystyrene beads, carboxyl latex nanoparticles, latex microspheres, polystyrene colloid, charged nanobeads, carboxylated latex particles, nanoscale beads, surface-modified latex, protein-binding beads\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width:150px; padding:6px 10px 6px 0; vertical-align:top;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrade:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:6px 0;\"\u003eBiotechnology grade. All products are highly pure. All solutions are made with Type I ultrapure water (resistivity \u0026gt;18 MΩ-cm) and are filtered through 0.22 µm.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eScientific Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePolystyrene is a convenient polymer scaffold for nanoparticle synthesis because it is chemically stable, optically transparent, easily synthesized into uniform sizes, and readily functionalized with reactive groups. Carboxylation via copolymerization with methacrylic acid or post-synthetic treatment adds ionizable surface groups that are negatively charged at physiological pH. This negative charge serves two key purposes: it stabilizes the particle suspension against aggregation (through electrostatic repulsion), and it provides a chemical handle for ligand attachment via carbodiimide-mediated coupling or other conjugation chemistries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNanoparticle size profoundly influences behavior. At 0.05–0.1 µm (50–100 nm), these beads are small enough for studies of cellular uptake, protein corona formation, and high-resolution immunoassays, yet large enough to be handled as distinct particles rather than behaving as true colloids. Their high surface-area-to-volume ratio accelerates binding kinetics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKey applications include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtein immobilization and antibody coating for immunoassays and diagnostic tests\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtein corona studies (investigating how biomolecules adsorb to charged surfaces in biological media)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry and cell sorting with fluorescently labeled beads\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCellular uptake and cytotoxicity research with nanoparticles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSynthetic scaffolds for enzyme or antibody arrays\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eUsage \u0026amp; Handling Guidance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore the suspension at 2–8°C in the original container. Invert several times before use to ensure even distribution. For protein coating, dilute the beads into ultrapure water or phosphate-buffered saline and activate with carbodiimide (e.g., 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, or EDAC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to form reactive esters on the carboxyl groups, then incubate with the target protein. Specific coupling protocols depend on the protein's pI, concentration, and desired coating density; optimization may be required for your application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActivation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use EDAC\/NHS chemistry to convert carboxyl groups to reactive N-hydroxysuccinimide esters for amine-coupling. Follow published protocols for your target biomolecule.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCoupling efficiency:\u003c\/strong\u003e Depends on protein concentration, pH, ionic strength, and incubation time. Control experiments are recommended to validate coupling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAggregation:\u003c\/strong\u003e High ionic strength can reduce electrostatic stabilization and promote aggregation. If aggregation occurs, resuspend in lower-salt buffer or ultrapure water.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSize confirmation:\u003c\/strong\u003e For critical applications, confirm particle size by dynamic light scattering (DLS) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eWhat You Get\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5 mL of carboxylated polystyrene latex bead suspension\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUniform 0.05–0.1 µm particles with well-defined negative surface charge\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA convenient starting material for protein coating, immunoassay development, and nanoparticle research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor research use only (RUO)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eWhy Researchers Choose It\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUniform, well-characterized size distribution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStraightforward surface chemistry for protein and antibody immobilization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNanoscale size ideal for cellular uptake and protein corona studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh surface-area-to-volume ratio for rapid binding kinetics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStable aqueous suspension ready to use\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin-top:30px;\"\u003eFrequently Asked Questions (FAQ)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow do I couple proteins to the carboxyl groups?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eActivate the carboxyl groups using EDAC\/NHS chemistry to form reactive succinimide esters, then incubate with your protein of interest. The amine groups (typically at lysine residues and the N-terminus) on your protein will form amide bonds with the activated carboxyls. Optimize pH, temperature, and incubation time for your specific protein.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the binding capacity?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBinding capacity depends on the target protein's size and the desired coating density. Request a quote or contact us for guidance on protein coupling efficiency for your application.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAre these beads suitable for flow cytometry?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYes. The small, uniform size and well-defined surface make them excellent for flow cytometry applications. Fluorescent labeling protocols are well-established in the literature.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCan I use these for cell uptake studies?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYes, the nanoscale size (0.05–0.1 µm) is within the range that cells can internalize via endocytosis. Use fluorescently labeled beads to track uptake by microscopy or flow cytometry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow should I store the beads?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStore at 2–8°C in the original, sealed container. Invert several times before each use to resuspend settled particles. Do not freeze.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCan I get a TDS or COA?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYes. Request a quote or contact us and we will provide available lot documentation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-top:20px; font-weight:bold; color:#c8102e;\"\u003eThis product is for Research Use Only (RUO). It is not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use in humans or animals.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eReferences\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"padding-left:0; margin:0; list-style:none;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; padding:8px 0; border-bottom:1px solid #eee;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"flex:1;\"\u003eLan J, Wang Y, Li H, Guan R, Zhao Z, Bao Y, Du X, Hollert H, Zhao X. Binding divergence of polystyrene nanoparticles with serum albumin caused by surface functionalization. \u003cem\u003eSci Total Environ.\u003c\/em\u003e 2023;903:166578.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166578\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"flex-shrink:0; margin-top:2px;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0896\/1579\/4474\/files\/Reference.png?v=1775409336\" alt=\"Reference\" style=\"height:28px; width:auto;\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; padding:8px 0; border-bottom:1px solid #eee;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"flex:1;\"\u003eWang H, Ma R, Nienhaus K, Nienhaus GU. Formation of a Monolayer Protein Corona around Polystyrene Nanoparticles and Implications for Nanoparticle Agglomeration. \u003cem\u003eSmall.\u003c\/em\u003e 2019;15(22):e1900974.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.201900974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"flex-shrink:0; margin-top:2px;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0896\/1579\/4474\/files\/Reference.png?v=1775409336\" alt=\"Reference\" style=\"height:28px; width:auto;\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; padding:8px 0; border-bottom:1px solid #eee;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"flex:1;\"\u003eYoo J, Kim Y, Back JH, Shin J, Bae PK, Park KM, Kim M, Seo YH, Bak Y, Heo YH, Heo J, Choi H, Kim Y, Lee S, Lee JE, Jeong S, Yang JK, Kim S. Surface-engineered nanobeads for regioselective antibody binding: A robust immunoassay platform leveraging catalytic signal amplification. \u003cem\u003eBiosens Bioelectron.\u003c\/em\u003e 2025;281:117463.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"flex-shrink:0; margin-top:2px;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0896\/1579\/4474\/files\/Reference.png?v=1775409336\" alt=\"Reference\" style=\"height:28px; width:auto;\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Molecular Depot","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52813554909482,"sku":"BTS-B2025451","price":1175.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0896\/1579\/4474\/files\/B2025451.png?v=1790897690","url":"https:\/\/bluetigerscientific.com\/products\/carboxylated-polystyrene-latex-beads-0-05-0-1-um","provider":"Blue Tiger Scientific","version":"1.0","type":"link"}